Until 1948, Zionism was a minority current in the Jewish community in general. Hertzl’s proposal in 1896 for a Jewish state in Palestine generated vigorous opposition within Jewish intellectual, social and political movements, most notably the Jewish Labor Bund. American socialists and communists in the interwar years understood that Zionism was right-wing nationalism and opposed it as an attempt to align the Jewish working class with the interests of the Jewish bourgeoisie. In the years after WW2, anti-zionism and opposition to Israel were crucial to understanding Middle Eastern politics. Today, radical and revolutionary Jews have continued to stand with Palestinians in their resistance to the apartheid Israeli state and its genocidal attacks. Their courage in the face of accusations of antisemitism and threats to jobs and often their person is a testament to the continued strength of this tradition.